Being overweight and obese have become two of the world’s most pressing public health problems. Over 2 billion people, or almost one-third of the global population, are estimated to be overweight or obese.
This highly prevalent condition carries a heavy economic burden in terms of increased healthcare costs, reduced productivity, and decreased quality of life for those affected.
Healthcare Costs
One of the most significant economic impacts of being overweight and obese is the cost of healthcare. Obese individuals are more likely to develop chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. These diseases require ongoing medical treatment, which can be expensive.
In the United States, healthcare costs for obese individuals are estimated to be 42% higher than for individuals with a healthy weight. This cost is even higher for individuals with severe obesity, which, in turn, can burden individuals, families, and governments.
Productivity Loss
Obese individuals are more likely to miss work due to illness and are less productive at work. A study conducted in Australia found that obese individuals miss an average of 1.5 more workdays per year than individuals with a healthy weight. This productivity loss results in lower economic output for businesses and can impact the economy.
Social Stigma
Overweight and obese individuals may also face social stigma, impacting economic opportunities. Studies have shown that obese individuals are less likely to be hired for jobs and may earn lower salaries than their non-obese counterparts. This discrimination can limit their economic mobility and lead to lower lifetime earnings.
Food Industry
The availability of cheap, high-calorie foods has contributed to the rise in obesity rates. The food industry has been criticized for marketing unhealthy foods to children and lobbying against government regulations promoting healthy eating. These practices contribute to the economic impact of obesity.
Agricultural Subsidies
Agricultural subsidies have also been criticized for contributing to the economic impact of obesity. These subsidies, designed to support farmers, often go to crops that produce unhealthy foods, such as corn syrup and soybean oil.
These ingredients are found in many processed foods and have been linked to obesity and other health problems. Critics argue that agricultural subsidies should be redirected toward producing healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables.
Economic Disparities
The economic impact of being overweight and obese is not evenly distributed. Low-income individuals and communities are more likely to be obese, and they may face more significant economic consequences.
These individuals may have limited access to healthy foods and safe places to exercise, which can contribute to obesity rates. They may also face discrimination in the workplace and have limited economic opportunities.
Impact on Insurance Costs
Insurers may charge higher premiums for individuals with obesity-related conditions, which can make insurance less affordable. Employers may also face higher insurance costs for their employees, which can impact their bottom line.
Additionally, some employers may hesitate to hire individuals with obesity-related conditions due to concerns about insurance costs.
Economic Impact on Children
The economic impact of obesity is not limited to adults. Children who are overweight may also face economic consequences in the short and long term.
These children are more likely to miss school due to illness, which can impact their academic performance and future earning potential. Additionally, they may face discrimination in the classroom and in future job opportunities.